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ABES demonstra preocupação em relação às mudanças propostas para o licenciamento ambiental

06/05/2016 Ana Paula Rogers

A Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES demonstra forte preocupação em relação às discussões sobre mudanças no licenciamento ambiental, propostas pela PEC 65, de 2012, aprovada no último dia 28 na Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania do Senado, que estabelece que, a partir da simples apresentação de um Estudo Impacto Ambiental (EIA) pelo empreendedor, nenhuma obra poderá mais ser suspensa ou cancelada. Isso significa que o processo de licenciamento ambiental, que analisa se um empreendimento é viável ou não a partir dos impactos socioambientais que pode gerar, deixa de existir. (saiba mais em http://abes-dn.org.br/?p=2086). Esta PEC descaracteriza todo o processo de licenciamento e impede qualquer controle posterior sobre o cumprimento das obrigações socioambientais por parte do empreendedor.

As discussões no CONAMA – através do GT de Licenciamento coordenado pela Câmara Técnica de Controle Ambiental (CTCA) – sobre novos critérios e diretrizes para o licenciamento ambiental – têm suas ações questionadas pela sociedade civil participante deste GT em função da forma como vêm sendo conduzidas, principalmente com relação ao tempo insuficiente de consulta pública eletrônica à sociedade; o cronograma de trabalho; a falta de igualdade de condições para a defesa das diferenças de ideias e posicionamentos nas discussões; e as mudanças significativas que vêm sendo propostas para apressar o licenciamento ambiental sem as devidas preocupações com o ambiente.

A ABES, como entidade técnica cientifica da área, conhece a complexidade da questão ambiental, e entende que sua modificação deve envolver uma ampla discussão tanto do Poder Público como da Sociedade. Reconhece a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do sistema de licenciamento incluindo a integração de outros instrumentos da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente (PNMA) e a possível revisão de mecanismos de comando e controle.
Sabe-se que o Licenciamento Ambiental é o instrumento com maior aplicação na gestão ambiental brasileira e sua aplicação, muitas vezes isolada e sem a complementaridade de outros instrumentos, como o Zoneamento Ambiental, o Monitoramento da Qualidade Ambiental e os Planos de Bacias Hidrográficas, torna sua eficiência e eficácia questionáveis.

Mas, diante do risco de descaracterização de todo o processo de licenciamento, a entidade reafirma sua posição em favor do fortalecimento, pelo Estado, do Licenciamento Ambiental, com amplo acesso à informação e à participação da sociedade; que as políticas setoriais devem incorporar a variável ambiental em seu planejamento estratégico; que o instrumento de Licenciamento deve estar integrado e complementado a instrumentos de planejamento – como Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE), Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico (ZEE); a Avaliação Ambiental Integrada (AIA), que permitem qualificar o licenciamento ambiental e a elaboração dos EIAs, bem como reforça a necessidade, de suma importância, de implantação de eficientes instrumentos de Fiscalização e Monitoramento.

Para o presidente nacional da ABES, Dante Ragazzi Pauli, “é primordial, ao mesmo tempo, que o processo de licenciamento como um todo, respeitada sua grande importância, não faça aumentar demasiadamente o tempo necessário para a implementação de tantas obras e intervenções necessárias para a melhoria de vida de nossa população.”

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