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Artigo: Dia Mundial do Meio Ambiente – data para refletir sobre os muitos desafios no saneamento e em outras frentes, de Dante Ragazzi Pauli

05/06/2017 Redação ABES

Leia a análise do coordenador da Câmara Temática de Comunicação no Saneamento da ABES.

Por Dante Ragazzi Pauli

“A proteção e o melhoramento do meio ambiente humano é uma questão fundamental que afeta o bem-estar dos povos e o desenvolvimento econômico do mundo inteiro, um desejo urgente dos povos de todo o mundo e um dever de todos os governos.” (Declaração de Estocolmo sobre o ambiente humano – 1972)

Instituído pela ONU em 1972, o Dia Mundial do Meio Ambiente traz a necessidade de todos os habitantes de nosso planeta refletirem sobre os riscos a que estamos expostos pelo descuido e desprezo aos recursos naturais, que achávamos serem inesgotáveis.

Avanços foram observados, não há dúvidas.

Vários países criaram leis e regulamentos, tratados internacionais abordam o tema de forma constante, as pessoas mais e mais se conscientizam da importância da preservação do meio ambiente.

A velocidade de implementação das necessárias medidas, no entanto, é muito baixa.

Interesses econômicos e políticos se sobrepõem, em muitos casos, ao interesse em salvar nosso planeta. O exemplo mais recente é a decisão do presidente norte-americano Donald Trump em abandonar o Acordo de Paris.

Dante Ragazzi Pauli esteve à frente da ABES nos biênios 2012/14 e 2014/16

Em nosso país, foram criadas as Políticas Nacionais de Meio Ambiente, de Recursos Hídricos e. mais recentemente, a de Saneamento Básico, de Resíduos Sólidos e o Código Florestal, importantes instrumentos que estabeleceram mecanismos e metas para a melhoria das condições ambientais do Brasil. Diversos Estados e Municípios formularam também regras locais.

Num país tão grande como o Brasil e com tantas diversidades regionais, no entanto, era de se esperar que os resultados não viessem com a necessária rapidez.

Ainda mais porque o tema não tem sido tratado como prioritário, situação ainda mais prejudicada em função das crises política, moral e econômica que assolam nosso país já há bons anos.

Uma breve análise do quadro atual do saneamento básico reforça a afirmação.

Investimentos pífios, gestão absolutamente inadequada da maioria dos operadores e tantos e tantos Estados e Municípios mergulhados em impressionante crise fiscal fizeram com que avanços muito tímidos nos indicadores de atendimento em água e esgotamento sanitários fossem observados nas últimas décadas.

O Governo Federal lançou estudos que buscam encontrar saídas para alguns Estados que aderiram à ideia. Ao menos uma iniciativa.

Caso emblemático ocorre no Rio de Janeiro, em que se tenta vender a empresa estadual de saneamento para quitar dívidas daquele Estado e colocar salários de servidores em dia. Era o que faltava: tratar o saneamento como “moeda de troca”, após tantas irresponsabilidades de governantes locais, agora escancaradas.

Declarações de alguns políticos deixam claro a aposta na privatização do setor. A participação do setor privado é legalmente permitida, importante e vem crescendo. Mas não é a solução para todos os problemas.

Como encarar a falta de escala econômica típica do setor, como garantir mais recursos não onerosos e alocados de forma transparente e com critérios técnicos, como recuperar a capacidade de gestão de operadores estaduais, municipais e mesmo privados?

O saneamento foi aqui tratado como exemplo, mas boa parte do que ali temos observado se aplica a outras áreas do saneamento ambiental, que abarca outros tantos campos de aplicação.

A boa gestão passa por planejamento, inovações tecnológicas, pessoas motivadas e capacitadas.

Sim. Há bons exemplos no país, casos em que o tema foi tratado com seriedade e profissionalismo.

Tais iniciativas devem ser estudadas e, quando cabíveis, replicadas, pois significam melhorias do meio ambiente e, sobretudo, melhoria das condições de vida de milhares de pessoas.

Um ótimo Dia Mundial do Meio Ambiente a todos! Que não deixemos de comemorar data tão importante, mas que este dia seja também de reflexão sobre os muitos desafios que ainda temos pela frente. E que lutemos para que o assunto se transforme verdadeiramente em prioridade.

* O engenheiro Dante Ragazzi Pauli é superintendente de Planejamento Integrado da Sabesp e coordenador da Câmara de Comunicação no Saneamento da Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES.

 

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