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“Saúde Pública e Saneamento” abre as discussões do Silubesa

06/06/2016 Redação ABES

Apresentação de Maria Mercedes de Almeida, bióloga da Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre/RS.

Coordenado por Dante Ragazzi Pauli, o painel inaugural do XVII Silubesa – Simpósio Luso-Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, nesta segunda-feira, 6, destacou o tema Saneamento e Saúde. O simpósio, que ocorre em Florianópolis/SC até quarta-feira, é promovido pela ABES em parceria com a Associação Portuguesa dos Recursos Hídricos – APRH e a Associação Portuguesa de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – APESB e nesta edição aborda as ”Soluções para um melhor saneamento ambiental”.

Participaram do painel Maria Mercedes de Almeida, bióloga  da Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre/RS, Paulo Ramisio, presidente da Associação Portuguesa de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental (APESB), Francisco Taveira Pinto, presidente da Associação Portuguesa dos Recursos Hídricos (APRH), e Rodrigo Flores Gorski, representante da Caixa Econômica Federal.

Maria Mercedes abordou realidade da saúde no pais e citou doenças como a dengue, que por questões de falta de infraestrutura nas cidades continuam trazendo grandes preocupações. “Há ainda há uma visão fragmentada sobre a saúde, sendo predominante o  pensamento de que necessitamos sempre de mais hospitais, ao invés de investimentos em infraestrutura de saneamento, o que permitiria priorizar a prevenção no campo da saúde pública”, frisou.

A bióloga ressaltou que o país teve grandes avanços em indicadores como mortalidade infantil, principalmente em função do crescimento da rede de água tratada, mas ainda está muito distantes de países europeus. “A infraestrutura não chega a famílias de baixa renda”, completou. A palestrante destacou ainda que a universalização do saneamento básico passa também pela ideia de que precisamos reduzir desigualdades sociais.

O presidente da APESB, Paulo Ramísio, focou sua apresentação na questão da drenagem urbana, principalmente em função da diversidade de sua composição e da dificuldade de controle nas cidades. Ressaltou sua preocupação com relação às substâncias que são carregadas pela água da chuva nos centros urbanos, como metais pesados, que acabam sendo concentrados e podem trazer reflexos na saúde pública. “A Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental diz respeito à saúde e precisamos de uma abordagem mais social e menos técnica. Volto minha apresentação à drenagem, pois acredito que no campo de saneamento é a que recebe menos atenção.”

O especialista mostrou estudos de caso para controle da poluição das cidades a partir dos sistemas de drenagem urbana. Entre eles, sistemas de infiltração e lagoas de retenção.

Voltando sua apresentação à questão do desenvolvimento sustentável, o presidente da APRH, Francisco Taveira Pinto, discorreu sobre princípios da Carta Europeia da Água (Estrasburgo, 1968), como a afirmação do documento de os recursos de água doce não são inesgotáveis e que a manutenção de cobertura vegetal é fundamental para conservação dos recursos hídricos. “São princípios que parecem definidos ontem, mas foram determinados há 50 anos”, destacou.

Lembrou setores em que há grande desperdício de água e citou riscos globais levantados no Fórum Econômico Global, que alerta para grande possibilidade de crescimento de situações de crise em relação à disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos. Ressaltou que grande parte dos riscos estão relacionados a distúrbios no ciclo da água, às alterações climáticas e seus consequentes eventos extremos.

Lembrou ainda que, entre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável está a água limpa, ao lado de  temas como a erradicação da pobreza , fome zero, energia acessível e limpa e a necessidade de tornar as cidades seguras. Sua mensagem foi de que os diversos temas são correlacionados e interdependentes. “Precisamos também de maior participação da população e de educação para as  novas gerações, pois a mudança de alguns hábitos é fundamental na busca de um desenvolvimento mais sustentável.”

Em sua fala, Rodrigo Flores Gorski, que representou a Caixa Econômica Federal no painel, ressaltou o crescimento dos recursos do banco para saneamento: segundo ele, até 2006 havia R$ 6 bilhões investidos e até 2015, R$ 160 bilhões em contratação.

Último apresentador do painel, o representante da Caixa trouxe para a plateia as diversas modalidades de recursos voltadas ao saneamento e que contemplam a execução de diversas ações, como o tratamento de esgotos e a gestão de resíduos sólidos, além de  programas ambientais.

Em sua apresentação, mostrou estimativas de que a universalização do saneamento básico no país depende de investimentos anuais da ordem de 17 bilhões ao longo de 20 anos. Ressaltou que há necessidade de melhoria dos projetos, tanto em relação às questões legais  como em relação a sua gestão. “Um problema muito sério é o acompanhamento das obras, que em um grande número de projetos não são executadas adequadamente e acabam exigindo retrabalho e reprogramação.”

 

 

 

 

 

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